Water pump is a kind of water lifting machine. We can spray water from low to high under its action. People use it in drainage, irrigation and engineering construction of farmland water conservancy projects. We can divide the water pumps into six types. They are centrifugal pumps, axial flow pumps, masonry images, mixed flow pumps, submersible electric pumps, shallow well pumps, etc.
Ⅰ. Centrifugal Pump
The centrifugal pump relies on the centrifugal force. The force is generated when the impeller rotates at high speed. This is to throw out the water in the impeller. The sucked water is pressed into the impeller under atmospheric pressure. During the circulation of the centrifugal pump, the sucked water will be transported out. We can divide the impellers of centrifugal pumps into three types. They are the enclosed, semi-enclosed and open. The adjacent blades of the closed impeller and the inner walls of the front and rear wheel covers form a series of curved blade grooves. Its pumping efficiency is high. The semi-enclosed impeller has no front cover plate. It is seldom used. Open impeller does not have the structure of wheel disk. The number of blades is small. This is used to pump slurry, liquid or sewage. We can divide the Centrifugal pumps used in practice into single suction and double suction. This is according to the way water flows into impellers, namely B (BA) and S (Sh) types.
Ⅱ. Axial Flow Pump
The impellers of axial flow pumps are open. There are 2-6 leaves. The cross section of the blade is streamlined. The blade shape is twisted. This is similar to the propeller structure. When the impeller rotates, it will generate thrust on the water. This causes the water inside the pipe to be discharged along the axial direction. We can divide the blades of the impeller into three installation forms: fixed type, semi-adjusting type and fully adjusting type. This is according to whether their installation angle can be adjusted. To adjust the water output and lift of the water pump, we can realize it by changing the installation angle of the blades. We can divide the axial flow pumps into single-stage and multi-stage. This is according to the number of impellers in the pump. This axial flow pump does not need to be filled with water when it is started.
Ⅲ. Masonry Pump
Masonry pump is an axial flow pump. Masonry structure and open channel outlet pool are used to replace cast iron bends and outlet pipelines of general axial flow pumps. The head is about 1.8 m. The flow rate is 3 780-11 720 m ²/h. This is a kind of water pump with low lift and large flow rate.
Ⅳ. Mixed Flow Pump
Mixed flow pump is a kind of water pump between centrifugal pump and axial flow pump. The water flow entering the impeller is oblique under the combined action of centrifugal force and impeller thrust, so it is called oblique flow pump. According to the pump shaft position, mixed flow pumps are divided into vertical and horizontal types. Horizontal pump casing is volute type and is expressed by I-LB. Vertical pump casing is of guide vane type, which is expressed by HL, H1 or LN.
Ⅴ. Submersible Electric Pump
Submersible electric pump is a kind of matching water pump that installs vertical motor and water pump together. It has a waterproof sealing device and can run underwater, so it is called submersible pump. According to the different waterproof technical measures adopted, it can be divided into dry type, oil-filled type and wet type.
Ⅵ. Shallow Well Pump
Shallow well pump is a centrifugal pump. It has a long drive shaft to suck well water. The pump has simple structure, reliable operation and high working efficiency. Suitable for lifting water from shallow wells. Common models are J and TJ.
The types and brief introduction of water pumps are the above points.
